![]() ![]() To date, the pathophysiology of MRONJ has not been fully elucidated. MRONJ can be the cause of serious functional and masticatory disorders with an important influence on patient quality of life and may even result in death ( 9). ![]() In 2014, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) changed the term “Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws” (BRONJ) to "Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws" (MRONJ) ( 7), as it is not only triggered by bisphosphonates, but also by other antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs such as monoclonal antibodies (MABs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and immunosuppressants ( 8). Numerous case reports and case series have been published since then ( 3- 6). In 2009, denosumab was approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment and prevention of bone metastases. They are also linked to an overall increase in mortality. Bone metastases can cause skeletal-related events (SREs) such as pain, pathological fractures, hypercalcemia and spinal cord compression, requiring radiation and surgery. The bone is the most common site for metastasis, mostly associated with malignant tumours of the breast (73%), prostate (68%) or lung (36%) ( 2). ![]() The increasing aging population goes hand in hand with a growing prevalence of disabling disease along with the use of medication to prevent and treat metabolic bone diseases ( 1). ![]()
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